If you've been browsing tech news or developer forums lately, you might've come across a curious term: 'vibe coding'. At first glance, it sounds simple—maybe even a bit mysterious—but it's gaining traction among beginners and seasoned developers alike. But what is it, and why are so many developers embracing the vibe? Let's take a look.

What exactly is 'vibe coding'?

Vibe coding is a way to program using Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Large Language Models (LLMs). The term gained attention through Andrej Karpathy, co-founder of OpenAI, who described it as trusting the "vibes"—letting AI handle the coding details. He said it feels like: "It's not really coding—I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy-paste stuff, and it mostly works."

This method involves using plain language to instruct the AI, heavily relying on AI to write code, and focusing less on exact coding rules and more on outcomes. A significant concern, noted by researchers like Simon Willison, is using AI-generated code without fully understanding it—distinct from using AI merely as typing assistance.

Vibe coding utilises various AI tools. Code editors with AI assistance, like GitHub Copilot, Cursor, or Replit Agent, act as coding partners, translating descriptions into working code. Additionally, general AI models like Claude or ChatGPT and new tools like Lovable or Softr are specifically designed for vibe coding.

Explaining the sudden buzz

Vibe coding is popular because it lowers barriers to software creation. Even those with little coding experience can now build basic applications, making software development more accessible.

It also accelerates progress for both beginners and experts. AI quickly generates standard code or complete app structures, allowing developers to focus on bigger design ideas and complex issues. Today's advanced AI makes "programming in plain English" realistic, letting creators prioritise product feel and functionality over coding specifics.

Finally, quickly seeing something work feels rewarding, especially for smaller or personal projects. That immediate satisfaction contributes significantly to vibe coding's appeal.

The drawbacks that come with it

However, vibe coding carries risks. Users might end up working with code they don't fully understand, resulting in superficially functional but fundamentally weak applications.

Fixing bugs becomes challenging without understanding the original logic. AI-generated code may also be disorganised, causing future difficulties or even requiring complete rewrites.

Security is another major risk. AI-generated code might include hidden vulnerabilities, as AI replicates patterns without genuine security awareness, potentially causing serious issues if unchecked.

AI-generated code quality can vary significantly, making it unreliable without verification. Overdependence on AI may also limit learners' development of deeper coding and critical thinking skills. Without the struggle and practice essential for mastering logic, debugging, and design, their growth could be compromised.

Team collaboration might also suffer if the AI-generated code lacks clear structure or explanations for others to follow.

When to use vibe coding (and when not to)

So, is vibe coding revolutionary or risky? It's probably both. It's particularly useful for quickly building basic prototypes (MVPs) or testing ideas without significant time investments.

This rapid prototyping capability makes it ideal for experimenting with concepts. For personal or educational projects, it reduces barriers, allowing creators to focus on outcomes rather than complicated syntax rules.

It helps non-coders turn ideas into reality and enables experienced developers to automate routine tasks, explore new languages, and rapidly adopt new tools—provided they review and understand the AI-generated output.

However, for significant software projects requiring security, reliability, and maintainability, traditional coding practices remain essential. Understanding, planning, thorough testing, and security remain non-negotiable. Relying solely on vibes won't suffice for critical projects.

Vibe coding marks a significant shift driven by rapid AI advancements. It likely won't replace traditional coding immediately, but it is reshaping software development and broadening access. It suggests a future where everyday language increasingly instructs computers.

The key is wisely matching these powerful tools to appropriate tasks, leveraging their speed and simplicity, while continuing to use thoughtful planning and tested techniques to build trustworthy software.