1. The sun
The no. 1 saboteur of healthy, youthful skin is the ultraviolet light of the sun. UV rays induce skin-aging inflammation and generate free radicals, which make the sun the biggest threat to skin's collagen, not to mention the fact that UV exposure puts you at a dramatically increased risk for developing skin cancer. UV light also worsens and causes hyperpigmentation.
The solution: Protecting your skin from the sun requires a combination of avoidance and vigilant sunscreen-application. Try to stay out of the sun when it is strongest, at midday, and wear sunscreen every day, even if you are not planning a lot of outdoor time. Incidental sun exposure — on the way to lunch, as you walk to and from your car, while you are waiting for the bus — adds up.
And if you are going to be in direct sunlight, invest in hats and sun-protective clothing.
2. Smoking
If you need another great reason to quit smoking, here is one: Smoking breaks down collagen, one of the most critical structural proteins in your skin. The result is premature aging in the form of lines, wrinkles, and loss of skin firmness. Smoking also decreases blood flow to the skin, which leaves the complexion sallow and less radiant, and allows damaging toxins to build up.
The solution: Talk to your doctor, research stop-smoking aids, or enlist the support of your friends ... just do what it takes to quit smoking!
3. Genetics:
Yes, to some extent each person's aging process is the unavoidable result of the genes they inherited.
The solution: Obviously there is not much to be done about this one.
4. Pollution:
The exhaust-belching cars and other pollutants in our modern environments are among the major causes of free radicals in the skin. Free radical means in a nutshell, an oxygen molecule that has been stripped of one of its electrons ... meaning that it is on the hunt for replacement electrons. As a result of that hunt, free radicals attack vital skin components like collagen, resulting in skin aging.
The solution: Chances are, you cannot take off for the less-polluted climate of a pristine desert island, but antioxidants can help mitigate the damage that pollution causes. Antioxidants calm free radicals by delivering the electrons they seek - and as a result, they also stave off free radicals' aging effects. Get them through your diet (through green tea, dark chocolate, and lots of fruits and veggies, particularly berries and pomegranates) or topically with skin-care ingredients like coenzyme Q10, green tea, coffeeberry, and idebenone.
5. Lack of moisture
Dry skin is not just uncomfortable — it is also a sign that your skin is not holding on to enough water to allow its repair enzymes to work properly. That means that your skin is less able to naturally heal the inflammation caused by external attackers like the sun, excess sugar intake, and pollution.
The solution: Moisturise! Not all creams and lotions are created equal, though: Ideally, a moisturiser should not only temporarily hydrate, but also strengthen skin so that it can retain moisture more effectively. Check ingredient lists for ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids (stearic acid is the one you will see most often) — those are the very lipids found naturally in your skin barrier, a layer of the epidermis that keeps moisture in and irritants out. Deliver those powerhouse moisturisers topically, and you will bolster skin's ability to prevent further dryness.
Compiled by Mr Sojib, a pharmacist.